This 1772 Neoclassical masterpiece by Benjamin West depicts the moment a physician diagnoses Prince Antiochus with lovesickness for his stepmother, Stratonice. It is a significant example of eighteenth-century history painting.

Benjamin West painted this work in 1772, during his tenure as a leading figure in the British Royal Academy. The scene depicts a narrative from ancient history recorded by Plutarch. Prince Antiochus, son of King Seleucus I Nicator, lies on his deathbed, suffering from an unknown ailment. The physician Erasistratus sits beside him, monitoring his pulse. As Stratonice, the king's young wife and the prince's stepmother, enters the room on the left, the physician observes the sudden acceleration of the prince's heartbeat. This physical reaction reveals that the prince is consumed by a forbidden love for his stepmother rather than a physical illness. The composition follows the principles of Neoclassicism, which West helped popularise in London. The figures are arranged in a frieze-like manner across the foreground, reminiscent of classical bas-reliefs. West uses a controlled palette of ochre and deep red with muted blues to define the space. Light enters from the left, illuminating Stratonice and the physician while leaving the background in shadow. This lighting directs the viewer to the emotional core of the story: the moment of medical and psychological discovery. West was known for his ability to translate complex moral and historical narratives into clear visual forms. In this painting, the gestures are deliberate and theatrical. The physician's hand rests firmly on the prince's wrist, a detail that emphasises the empirical nature of his diagnosis. The surrounding figures, including the grieving king and attendants, provide a sense of gravity to the domestic drama. This work was part of a series of historical subjects that West produced for King George III. It aligns with the eighteenth-century interest in classical antiquity and the stoic virtues associated with ancient Greece and Rome.