A portrait of Marie Ginoux by Vincent van Gogh, painted in 1888. It features bold yellow tones and expressive brushwork typical of his time in Arles.

Vincent van Gogh painted this portrait of Marie Ginoux in Arles during November 1888. Madame Ginoux, who owned the Café de la Gare with her husband, appears here in the traditional costume of Arles. The composition relies on a stark contrast between the subject and the background. A flat, luminous yellow wall provides a backdrop that pushes the figure forward, while the dark blue of her bodice creates a firm silhouette against the brightness. Van Gogh employed his characteristic impasto technique, applying paint in thick, rhythmic strokes that define the form of the chair and the texture of the books on the table. The palette is deliberate, using complementary colours to create visual tension. The cool green of the shawl and the table surface balance the warm yellow of the wall. Her pose, with her head resting on her hand, suggests a contemplative or melancholic state. This work is one of several versions van Gogh produced of the same sitter, reflecting his interest in capturing the character of the local population in the south of France. The books on the table serve as a specific detail, often interpreted as a reference to the intellectual life of the sitter or the artist's own literary interests. The painting demonstrates the artist's move away from naturalistic representation towards a more expressive use of colour and form. By simplifying the shapes and saturating the hues, van Gogh prioritised the emotional resonance of the image over photographic accuracy. This portrait remains a clear example of his mature style during his time in Arles, where he sought to capture the essence of his subjects through bold, simplified planes of colour and energetic brushwork.