A detailed seventeenth-century etching of the Amphitheatrum Castrense in Rome, documenting the ancient structure and its integration into the monastic landscape.

This etching depicts the Amphitheatrum Castrense, a Roman amphitheatre located near the Basilica of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. Published by Giovanni Giacomo de' Rossi, the print captures the structure as it appeared during the seventeenth century, showing the integration of the ancient ruins into the surrounding monastic grounds. The composition employs a high vantage point to survey the elliptical form of the amphitheatre, which is partially obscured by earth and vegetation.

The artist uses precise line work to delineate the brickwork, the Corinthian pilasters, and the arched openings that define the exterior wall. Small figures are positioned in the foreground, providing a sense of scale against the massive, weathered masonry. The background features the rolling hills of the Roman countryside, rendered with delicate hatching to suggest atmospheric depth. The inclusion of the monastery buildings illustrates the historical practice of repurposing ancient Roman sites for ecclesiastical use.

De' Rossi was a prominent publisher in Rome, known for his extensive collection of topographical and architectural prints. This work belongs to a tradition of documenting the physical state of Roman antiquities, often intended for scholars and travellers on the Grand Tour. The print provides a detailed record of the site before later archaeological interventions. The text at the base of the image offers a contemporary description of the structure, noting its construction from terracotta and its proximity to the city walls. The clarity of the etching allows for an examination of the architectural details, including the remnants of the decorative order that once adorned the facade. This piece is a representative example of seventeenth-century printmaking, where technical skill meets an interest in the preservation of classical history.