A dramatic 17th-century etching by Antonio Tempesta depicting the mythological vengeance of Hecuba against Polymestor.

This etching by Antonio Tempesta depicts a violent episode from Ovid's Metamorphoses. Hecuba, the grieving Queen of Troy, takes vengeance upon the Thracian King Polymestor for the murder of her son, Polydorus. The composition captures the moment Hecuba and her attendants blind the king, a scene of raw narrative intensity characteristic of Tempesta's work as a printmaker in Rome.

Tempesta was a prolific artist, known for his technical skill in etching and his ability to convey complex mythological and historical narratives within a compact frame. His style often features dynamic figures and clear, legible action, which made his prints popular across Europe. The use of hatching and cross-hatching creates a sense of volume and texture, particularly in the drapery of the women and the rugged terrain of the background. The inclusion of the Latin inscription at the base, 'Hecuba Polymnestori oculos eruit', provides a direct textual link to the classical source material, a common practice in seventeenth-century print culture.

As a member of the Florentine school who spent much of his career in Rome, Tempesta contributed to the dissemination of classical themes through his extensive output of prints. This work demonstrates his command of human anatomy and movement, as well as his interest in the dramatic potential of ancient literature. The print is part of a larger series illustrating Ovid, reflecting the period's fascination with classical antiquity and the moral lessons derived from such stories. The stark contrast between the figures and the simplified background ensures the focus remains on the central act of retribution, showcasing the artist's ability to distil a complex literary scene into a single, powerful image.