A portrait of the celebrated eighteenth-century dancer Barbara Campanini, depicted by Antoine Pesne in a theatrical costume with a tambourine.

Antoine Pesne, a French painter who spent much of his career in Prussia, captures the Italian dancer Barbara Campanini in this work. Campanini, widely known by her stage name La Barbarina, was a celebrated figure in European theatre during the eighteenth century. Pesne depicts her in a theatrical costume, holding a tambourine aloft, which suggests a performance context rather than a conventional formal portrait. The composition reflects the aesthetic values of the Rococo period, prioritising grace, movement, and decorative detail.

The subject wears a voluminous gown adorned with numerous fabric flowers, paired with a distinctive leopard-print overskirt. Her pose is dynamic, capturing a moment of dance with one foot extended. The background features a garden setting with a classical statue and architectural elements, typical of the period's interest in pastoral and theatrical themes. Pesne employs a light, airy palette that complements the subject's lively expression and the overall sense of artifice associated with the stage.

This portrait provides insight into the intersection of high-status portraiture and the performing arts in the mid-eighteenth century. Pesne was the court painter to Frederick the Great, and his work often reflects the refined tastes of the Prussian court. The attention to the texture of the fabric, the delicate rendering of the flowers, and the soft lighting demonstrate his technical skill. The painting remains a record of a specific cultural moment, documenting the appearance and public persona of one of the most famous dancers of the era. It avoids the rigid formality of earlier portraiture, opting instead for a sense of spontaneity and charm that defines the Rococo style.