The final painting in Thomas Cole's five-part series, depicting a ruined city reclaimed by nature under a moonlit sky.

The Course of Empire: Desolation is the final work in a five-part series by Thomas Cole, commissioned by Luman Reed. This painting depicts the aftermath of a civilisation, where nature has reclaimed the architectural remnants of a once-great city. The scene is set under a pale, moonlit sky, casting a melancholic glow over the ruins.

In the foreground, a solitary, ivy-covered column stands as the primary vertical element, topped by a bird's nest. This detail suggests the return of wildlife to a space previously dominated by human activity. The background reveals the skeletal remains of temples and bridges, partially submerged in water and overgrown with vegetation. The composition draws the eye across the calm, reflective water towards the distant, crumbling structures, creating a sense of quiet stillness.

Cole utilised this series to explore his concerns regarding the cyclical nature of human societies. By moving from the primitive state to the height of imperial power and finally to this state of decay, he presented a narrative of inevitable decline. The muted colour palette, dominated by cool greys, browns, and soft blues, reinforces the theme of abandonment. The absence of human figures emphasises the silence of the scene, leaving the viewer to contemplate the transience of human achievement. This work remains a significant example of American Romanticism, reflecting the period's fascination with the sublime and the power of the natural world over human construction.