A detailed oil painting by William Holman Hunt, depicting a goat on the shores of the Dead Sea, rendered with precise realism and symbolic intent.

William Holman Hunt painted The Scapegoat during his first journey to the Holy Land. He sought to achieve a level of historical and geographical accuracy that was rare for his period. The artist travelled to the shores of the Dead Sea to capture the desolate environment, enduring harsh conditions to ensure the background reflected the actual location described in Leviticus. The painting depicts a goat, adorned with a red fillet, standing in the salt-encrusted shallows of the sea.

In the biblical narrative, the scapegoat was driven into the wilderness to carry away the sins of the people. Hunt presents the animal as a solitary figure against a backdrop of mountains and a darkening sky. A rainbow arches over the horizon, providing a contrast to the barren foreground. The work is noted for its meticulous attention to detail, from the texture of the goat's fur to the crystalline salt deposits on the shore.

This composition reflects the Pre-Raphaelite interest in moral and religious themes, combined with a rigorous approach to observation. Hunt spent significant time on-site, painting the background directly from nature before completing the animal in his studio. The result is a work that combines precise realism with symbolic weight. The stark lighting and the isolation of the subject create a sense of quiet intensity. It remains one of the most distinct examples of the artist's dedication to his craft and his theological interests.